![]() This involves the teeth at the pyramidal base and has frontal suture at its apex. This fracture line passes through the alveolar ridge, lateral nose and inferior walls of maxillary sinus. This separates the teeth from the upper face. Type 1: Horizontal Maxillary Fracture.Named after French surgeon Rene Le Fort (1869-1951) this fracture is classic in facial trauma and subdivided in three types (Figure 1): Le fort fractures involve the maxillary bone and surrounding structures in a bilateral, horizontal, pyramidal and/or transverse plane. This fracture involves separation of all three major attachments of the zygoma from the rest of the face. He most common type of facial fracture is a zygomatico maxillary complex ‘tripod fracture’. Zygomatico maxillary complex ‘Tripod fracture’. There are several types of facial fractures: If the trauma is severe enough to fracture both mandible and maxilla, other areas of the face, neck and back may also be affected. With high impact trauma, even the opposite side of the face may fracture. This is perhaps due to the high resilience of a child’s facial skeleton. In contrast, less than 10% of all facial fractures occur in children. It is intimately associated with adjacent osseous structures providing structural support between the cranial base and the occlusal plane. This may be due to the maxilla being the largest component of the facial skeleton. ![]() Individuals between the ages of 20 to 30 years are most frequently affected by jaw fractures. However, studies have shown that football, handball and basketball players are at higher risk of these injuries because athletes such as boxers expect to be knocked in the face, and therefore constantly protect this area. It was believed that athletes playing combat sports such as boxing were at the highest risk of being knocked in the face. Due to the high risk of major complications, it is essential for medical staff to be knowledgeable about how to deal with these acute injuries. Jaw fractures in athletes are particularly problematic as they can lead to significant absence from sports. A forceful direct impact is the most common cause of lower (mandible) or upper (maxilla) fractures in athletes. However, one of the most sensitive areas for athletes is the face. He would then boil the heads to remove soft tissue and record the results 4,5.The majority of sports-related injuries are musculoskeletal. Le Fort conducted experiments on 35 cadavers inflicting varying facial trauma by dropping cannon balls and striking them with a bat. They are named after René Le Fort, French surgeon (1869-1951). It should be noted that Le Fort fractures are often associated with other facial fractures, neuromuscular injury and dental avulsions. For example, there may be type 2 on one side and contralateral type 3, or there may be unilateral type 1 and 2 fractures. Le Fort III is a floating face (transverse)Īny combination is possible.Le Fort II is a floating maxilla (pyramidal).Le Fort I is a floating palate (horizontal). ![]() unsurprisingly type III fractures have the highest rate of CSF leak. ![]()
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